Home 2nd Bac Gateway 2 Unit 9 Sustainable Development

Gateway 2 Unit 9 Sustainable Development

Gateway 2 Unit 9 Sustainable Development

This Gateway 2 Unit 9 Sustainable Development contains information about sustainable development, including its definition, related vocabulary, and social, economic, and environmental issues. It also includes information about collocations related to sustainable development, as well as how to express certainty and uncertainty. Additionally, the post discusses modal verbs and provides guidance on writing a book or film review.

TABLE OF CONTENT

According to Wikipedia:

Sustainable development is a roadmap, an action plan, for achieving sustainability in any activity that uses resources and where immediate and intergenerational replication is demanded. As such, sustainable development is the organizing principle for sustaining the finite resources necessary to provide for the needs of future generations of life on the planet. It is a process that envisions a desirable future state for human societies in which living conditions and resource use continue to meet human needs without undermining the “integrity, stability, and beauty” of natural biotic systems.

Vocabulary Gateway 2 Unit 9

Sustainable Development

Social issues:

  • Health care / social justice
  • Poverty elimination
  • Property rights / equal pay for women

Economic issues:

  • Raw materials
  • Climate change
  • Microenterprise
  • Transport infrastructure

Environment issues:

  • Climate change /ecological crisis
  • Water pollution/forest preservation
  • Recycling waste/energy preservation

Collocation: ‎

collocation is a pair of words that generally ‎goes or occurs together. Here are some that are related to ‎Sustainable development:

  • Civil society
  • Non-governmental organization
  • Sustainable development
  • Renewable energy
  • Urban areas
  • Environmental sustainability
  • Economic sustainability
  • Social sustainability
  • Sustainable goals
  • Sustainable agriculture
  • Sustainable energy
  • Sustainable transportation
  • Sustainable tourism
  • Sustainable construction
  • Sustainable consumption
  • Sustainable living
  • Sustainable cities
  • Sustainable communities
  • Sustainable growth
  • Sustainable production
  • Sustainable solutions
  • Sustainable finance

Functions: Expressing Certainty and Uncertainty

Certainty is the state of being sure of or about something. On the other hand, Uncertainty is when you have doubt about something. There are different ways to express Certainty or Uncertainty. Here are some.

How to Express Certainty

  • To be certain about…………
  • To be sure about………….
  • To firmly believe that………..
  • It goes without saying.
  • To be convinced of……………
  • To have no doubt about it.
  • To have no doubt about………
  • Without doubt, ………………….
  • It’s evident that………….
  • The modal verb ‘Must’ also expresses certainty.

How to Express Uncertainty

  • To be not certain about………
  • To be not sure about…….
  • To strongly not believe that………
  • To have doubt about…………
  • To doubt that………
  • To be in two minds about ………….
  • The modal verb ‘May and might’ also express Uncertainty.
  • To feel uncertain about………
  • Perhaps.

Examples of how to Express Certainty and Uncertainty

  • Speaker 1: Sohayb is a hardworking student.
  • Speaker 2: Yes, I am sure/certain that he will have a good grade. (certainty)

  • Speaker 1: I firmly believe that our local football team will win the match (certainty)
  • Speaker 2: With their actual level, I doubt it/I feel uncertain about it. (uncertainty)

  • Speaker 1: Do you think that Hillary Clinton will be the president of the USA
  • Speaker 2: I am in two minds about that. (uncertainty)
  • Speaker 1: Well, it goes without saying that she will win the elections. (certainty)

Grammar: Modal Verbs

This lesson is thoroughly discussed here: MODAL VERBS.

Writing: Book/Film Review

Imagine you have seen a movie or read a book you liked. And you loved that much to the extent you want to tell everyone about it. What will you tell them about the film/the book you have watched/read?

You will tell them:

  1. The title of the film/book.
  2. The writer/producer
  3. Date of publication (book) or production (film)
  4. The genre of film/book
  5.  Director and actors (film)
  6. Characters (book if it is a novel or play)
  7. Duration (film)
  8. The story of the film/book
  9. Your evaluation/opinion.

Normally the topic is as follows: Write a review of a film or a book that you have seen or read

…………….(Title of the film)……………… is one of the films that attracted my attention. It was produced by………….. (name of producer)………………. in (date of production)…………..It is a …………(genre, e.g., an action/detective/story/drama/humor / thriller / sci-fi/comedy / adventure / western, etc.)………………… film. The castings are the famous ……….(names of actors)…………. During (1h30 / 2 hours / 45 minutes etc.) …………….(Name of the film)…………………… evolves around …………. (give a brief summary of the film)……….To sum it up, I really ………………….(you opinion/evaluation)………… because it (justify your opinion)……………..

…………….(Title of the book)……………… is one of the books that attracted my attention. It was written by………….. (name of writer)………………. in (date of production)…………..It is a …………(genre, e.g., an action/detective/story/drama/humor/thriller/sci-fi/comedy/adventure, etc.)………………… book. The major characters of the book are ……….(names of characters)……………………….…………….(Name of the book)…………………… evolves around ………………. (give a brief summary of the book)…………………….To sum it up, I really ………………….(you opinion/evaluation)………… because it (justify your opinion)……………..

Example of a Film Review

“Moonlight” is a beautifully crafted and profoundly moving drama film that tells the story of Chiron, a young man growing up in Miami. The film follows Chiron through three different stages of his life, from childhood to adolescence to adulthood, as he struggles to come to terms with his identity and place in the world. The film is beautifully shot and features powerful performances from its cast, particularly Mahershala Ali, who won an Academy Award for his role as Juan, a kind and compassionate drug dealer who becomes a mentor and father figure to Chiron. The film’s depiction of the complex and often fraught relationships between men is particularly poignant and a powerful reminder of the importance of love and acceptance.

For me, “Moonlight” is a profoundly moving and beautifully crafted film that is not to be missed. It is a powerful exploration of identity, masculinity, and the complexities of human relationships and will leave a lasting impression on audiences. I would give this film a rating of 5 out of 5 stars.

Example of a Book Review

The Giver, written by Lois Lowry, is a thought-provoking Science fiction novel that explores the concept of a seemingly perfect society and the sacrifices that must be made to achieve it. Set in a dystopian society where everything is carefully controlled and planned.

The story revolves around a young boy who is chosen to be the Receiver of Memory, the only person aware of their world’s true nature. There are many characters in “The Giver.” The main one is Jonas, a young boy named the Receiver of Memory for his community. Jonas is curious, compassionate, and brave, deeply affected by the memories he receives from the Giver, the previous Receiver of Memory. The Giver, whose real name is Gabriel, is a wise and kind man who has been carrying the burden of the community’s memories for many years. Jonas’s parents, Lily and Matt, are loving and supportive, but they are also deeply ingrained in the rules and traditions of their society. Jonas’s friend, Fiona, is a gentle and caring person who is deeply affected by the weight of her role as a caregiver. As Jonas learns more about his community and the sacrifices made to maintain its perfection, he becomes increasingly disillusioned and determined to make a change.

Personally speaking, Lowry’s writing is elegant and evocative, and she manages to convey complex ideas in a way that is accessible to young readers. The Giver is a powerful and thought-provoking novel that will stay with you long after reading it. I highly recommend it to anyone interested in exploring themes of freedom, choice, and the actual cost of utopia. Overall, I would give this book a rating of 4 out of 5 stars.

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