Expressing Cause and Effect

A. Expressing Cause (x)

• Because of/due to/owing to/thanks to‎ ………….(x)…….., ………………(y)…………
• …(y)… is/are caused by /due to …..(x)‎…….
• Since/Because ………(x)………., …………..(y)……………………
• As………(x)………., …………..(y)……………………
• The cause of …(y)…. is…(x)……

Note:

Due to/Because of/Owing to/Thanks to + Gerund/Noun

Because/since/as +  Subject + Verb

B. Expressing Effect (y)

• ……(x)…….Consequently………(y)……..
• …..(x)……..For this reason, ……(y)……..
• …..(x)…..That’s why, ……..(y)…………
• ……(x)…….. As a result, ………(y)……
• ….…(x……As a consequence, ………(y)……
• ….…(x)…………So ………(y)……….
• ….…(x)……..thus ………(y)………
• The result/effect/consequence of…..…(x)….… is………(y)……..

Examples :

Because of her hard work, she got good grades

Her good grades are due to her hard work.

The result of her hard work is her good grades.

She worked hard, as a result she had good grades.

The cause of her good grades is her hard work.