Vocabulary related to the unit
According to Wikipedia :
Sustainable development is a road-map, an action plan, for achieving sustainability in any activity that uses resources and where immediate and intergenerational replication is demanded. As such, sustainable development is the organizing principle for sustaining finite resources necessary to provide for the needs of future generations of life on the planet. It is a process that envisions a desirable future state for human societies in which living conditions and resource-use continue to meet human needs without undermining the “integrity, stability and beauty” of natural biotic systems.
Sustainable development consists of:
- Social issues :
Health care / social justice
Poverty elimination
Property rights / equal pay for women - Economic issues :
Raw materials
Climate change
Micro enterprise
Transport infrastructure - Environment issues:
Climate change /ecological crisis
Water pollution/forest preservation
Recycling waste/energy preservation
collocations
A collocation is a pair of words that generally goes or occurs together. Here are some that are related to sustainable development :
- Civil society
- Non-governmental organization
- Sustainable development
- Renewable energy
- Urban areas
- Social Justice
- Green areas
- Developed countries
- Developing countries
- Under-developed countries
Functions: expressing cause and effect
- Cause (x)
- Because of/due to/owing to/thanks to………….(x)…….., ………………(y)…………
- …(y)… is/are caused by /due to …..(x)…….
- Since/Because ………(x)………., …………..(y)……………………
- As………(x)………., …………..(y)……………………
- The cause of …(y)…. is…(x)……
Note:
Due to/Because of/Owing to/Thanks to + Gerund/Noun
Because/since/as + Subject + Verb
- Effect (y)
- ……(x)…….Consequently………(y)……..
- …..(x)……..For this reason, ……(y)……..
- …..(x)…..That’s why……..(y)…………
- ……(x)…….. As a result,………(y)……
- ….…(x……As a consequence, ………(y)……
- ….…(x)…………So ………(y)……….
- ….…(x)……..thus ………(y)………
- The result/effect/consequence of…..…(x)….… is………(y)……..
Examples :
- The cause of her good grades is her hard work.
- Her good grades are due to her hard work.
- The result of her hard work is her good grades.
- She worked hard, as a result, she had good grades.
Grammar: The future perfect
1- Form :
[ will have + verb ( past participle ) ]
2- Examples :
Affirmative: You will have finished your school year by the end of July.
Interrogative: will You have finished your school year by the end of July?
Negative: You will not have finished your school year by the end of July
3- Use :
The Future Perfect expresses the idea that something will occur before another action in the future. It can also show that something will happen before a specific time in the future. It is generally used with expressions like: By, by then, by that time, by the 24th, by 2070…
4. Writing: Formal Letter
4. Formal letter
An official letter (also called formal) is a letter that you write to someone whom you look up to, it can be the headmaster of your school, your teacher, a manager, etc. The layout must be respected.
thank you mr.Nabil
thank you my teacher nabil
My pleasure Amine
Dear sir,
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I am looking forward your reply sir.
Your sincerely,
Bilal El Khabch
tanks teacher #Nabil
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