Ticket 2 English Unit 10: Brain Drain

According to  Merriam-Webster Dictionary :

Brain Drain is the departure of educated or professional people from one country, economic sector, or field for another usually for better pay or living conditions

1- Vocabulary

Causes of brain drain

Push factors (reasons that are in their countries of origins) ‎

• Unsatisfactory living conditions ‎
• Lack of research and other facilities including ‎support staff
• Declining quality of the educational system ‎
• Social unrest, political conflicts and wars ‎
• Discrimination in appointments and promotions
• Lack of satisfactory working conditions ‎
• Low wages and income

Pull factors (reasons that are in the host countries)

• Higher wages and salaries ‎
• Substantial funds for research, advanced ‎technology, modern facilities ‎
• Political stability ‎
• Better working conditions ‎
• Intellectual freedom ‎

Other Vocabulary related to the unit

• Brain drain: The emigration of educated professionals to other countries
• Physician: A person who practices medicine
• Physicist: An expert in physics
• Scholar: An educated person who has gained mastery in one or more disciplines
• Income: Revenue
• Gain: Obtain something needed or wanted
• Underdeveloped: Not yet fully developed
• Skilled: Having the ability to perform a task expertly and well
• Unskilled: Not having a special skill or training
• Tempting: Highly attractive

Prefixes

• inter: Between, among (intercontinental)
• extra: Outside, beyond (extraterrestrial)
• intra: Within, inside (intracellular)
• under: Less than, insufficient (underpaid)
• over: Excessively, more than (overpopulated)
• super: Above, over, beyond (supersonic)
• hyper: Above, over, excessive (hypersensitive)

Collocation

• Brain drain
• Low pay
• Attract attention
• Developed countries
• High technology
• Skilled workers
• Job opportunities
• Host countries
• Human resources

2- Functions: expressing regret

A regret can be about something in present or in past.

If it is in present then we use the rule of: present wish or conditional 2

If it is in past then we use the rule of: past wish or conditional 3

Present regret

Present situation	Regret in present
I don’t know how to use computer .	I regret not knowing How to use computer If only I knew how to use computer I wish I knew how to use computer

Past Regret

Past situation	Regret in past
I didn’t know how to use computer	I regret not knowing How to use computer If only I had known how to use computer I wish I had known how to use computer

Grammar: Restrictive and non-restrictive clauses ‎

• Both Restrictive and non-restrictive clauses begin with WH-words (who , which , whose ……..)‎
• Restrictive clauses: are not set off by commas , they are dependent , very important and limit the meaning .‎
• Non restrictive clauses: are set off by commas , they are independent , not very important to the meaning

Who = used for persons
Which = preferences ‎
Whose = possession ‎
That = people, animals and things‎

‎ Examples :

• She has a son who is a doctor.‎
• She lives in a city, which she likes a lot.
• ‎That boy, whose jeans are blue, is my friend.‎
• I don’t like the table that stands in the kitchen.