Gateway 2 unit 8: Brain drain
Target vocabulary
According to Merriam-Webster Dictionary :
Brain Drain isthe departure of educated or professional people from one country, economic sector, or field for another usually for better pay or living conditions
| Causes of brain drain | |
| Push factors | Pull factors |
| • Low wages and income • Unsatisfactory living conditions • Lack of research and other facilities including support staff • Declining quality of educational system • Social unrest, political conflicts and wars • Discrimination in appointments and promotions • Lack of satisfactory working conditions |
• Higher wages and salaries • Substantial funds for research, advanced technology, modern facilities • Political stability • Better working conditions • Intellectual freedom |
| Words | Definition |
| Brain drain | The emigration of educated professionals to other countries |
| physician | A person who practices medicine |
| physicist | An expert in physics |
| scholar | An educated person who has gained mastery in one or more disciplines |
| Income | Revenue |
| gain | Obtain something needed or wanted |
| underdeveloped | Not yet fully developed |
| Skilled | Having the ability to perform a task expertly and well |
| unskilled | Not having a special skill or training |
| tempting | Highly attractive |
| Prefixes | meaning | Examples |
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collocation
- Brain drain
- Low pay
- Attract attention
- Developed countries
- High technology
- Skilled workers
Expressing concession
| Expressions of concession | Examples |
| • Although – though • However – yet – nevertheless • Despite – in spite of + verb (ing) |
• Although women’s situation have improved , it still needs more • Many girls can attend school , yet their situation is far from perfect • In spite of being blind , Helen Keller wrote famous novels |
Functions :ask for and give advice
| Ask for advice | Give advice |
| • what do you advise me to ? • what do you think I should do ? • what do you suggest to … • what would you do in this situation • what should I do to ….. |
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Grammar : Restrictive and non-restrictive clauses
- Both Restrictive and non-restrictive clauses begin with WH-words (who , which, whose……..)
- Restrictive clauses: are not set off by commas, they are dependent, very important and limit the meaning.
- Non-restrictive clauses: are set off by commas, they are independent, not very important to the meaning.
Who = refers to a subject
whom = refers to the object of a sentence
Which = it refers to an object (preferences)
when = refers to time
where = refers to place
Whose = refers to possession
That = people, animals and things
Examples :
- a woman teaches us French . the woman has a beautiful car
the woman who/that teaches us french has a beautiful car
- a bird is on the tree . the bird is singing
the bird which/that is on the tree is singing
- I met a boy yesterday .the boy is my cousin
the boy whom I met yesterday is my cousin
- the government helps poor families .their children go to school.
the government helps poor families whose children go to school
- summer is a season . many people love to go to the beach in summer
summer is a season when people love to go to the beach
- Morocco is a beautiful country . many tourists love to spend their holidays in Morocco
Morocco is a beautiful country where many tourists love to spend their holidays in